Secret Management

Configuring the Secret

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  secret: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_SECRET, // or via `BETTER_AUTH_SECRET` env
});

Better Auth looks for secrets in this order:

options.secret in your config
BETTER_AUTH_SECRET environment variable
AUTH_SECRET environment variable

Secret Requirements

Rejects default/placeholder secrets in production
Warns if shorter than 32 characters or entropy below 120 bits
Generate: openssl rand -base64 32
Never commit secrets to version control

Rate Limiting

Enabled in production by default. Applies to all endpoints. Plugins can override per-endpoint.

Default Configuration

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  rateLimit: {
    enabled: true, // Default: true in production
    window: 10, // Time window in seconds (default: 10)
    max: 100, // Max requests per window (default: 100)
  },
});

Storage Options

Options: "memory" (resets on restart, avoid on serverless), "database" (persistent), "secondary-storage" (Redis, default when available).

typescript

rateLimit: {
  storage: "database",
}

Custom Storage

Implement your own rate limit storage:

typescript

rateLimit: {
  customStorage: {
    get: async (key) => {
      // Return { count: number, expiresAt: number } or null
    },
    set: async (key, data) => {
      // Store the rate limit data
    },
  },
}

Per-Endpoint Rules

Sensitive endpoints default to 3 requests per 10 seconds (/sign-in, /sign-up, /change-password, /change-email). Override:

typescript

rateLimit: {
  customRules: {
    "/api/auth/sign-in/email": {
      window: 60, // 1 minute window
      max: 5, // 5 attempts
    },
    "/api/auth/some-safe-endpoint": false, // Disable rate limiting
  },
}

CSRF Protection

Multi-layer protection: origin header validation, Fetch Metadata checks, and first-login protection.

Configuration

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    disableCSRFCheck: false, // Default: false (keep enabled)
  },
});

Only disable for testing or with an alternative CSRF mechanism.

Trusted Origins

Configuring Trusted Origins

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  baseURL: "https://api.example.com",
  trustedOrigins: [
    "https://app.example.com",
    "https://admin.example.com",
  ],
});

The baseURL origin is automatically trusted. Also configurable via env: BETTER_AUTH_TRUSTED_ORIGINS=https://app.example.com,https://admin.example.com

Wildcard Patterns

typescript

trustedOrigins: [
  "*.example.com", // Matches any subdomain
  "https://*.example.com", // Protocol-specific wildcard
  "exp://192.168.*.*:*/*", // Custom schemes (e.g., Expo)
]

Dynamic Trusted Origins

Compute trusted origins based on the request:

typescript

trustedOrigins: async (request) => {
  // Validate against database, header, etc.
  const tenant = getTenantFromRequest(request);
  return [`https://${tenant}.myapp.com`];
}

Validates callbackURL, redirectTo, errorCallbackURL, newUserCallbackURL, and origin against trusted origins. Invalid URLs receive 403.

Session Security

Session Expiration

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  session: {
    expiresIn: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7, // 7 days (default)
    updateAge: 60 * 60 * 24, // Refresh session every 24 hours (default)
  },
});

Session Caching Strategies

Cache session data in cookies to reduce database queries:

typescript

session: {
  cookieCache: {
    enabled: true,
    maxAge: 60 * 5, // 5 minutes
    strategy: "compact", // Options: "compact", "jwt", "jwe"
  },
}

Strategies: "compact" (Base64url + HMAC, smallest), "jwt" (HS256, standard), "jwe" (encrypted, use when session has sensitive data).

Cookie Security

Defaults: secure: true (HTTPS/production), sameSite: "lax", httpOnly: true, path: "/", prefix __Secure-.

Custom Cookie Configuration

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    useSecureCookies: true, // Force secure cookies
    cookiePrefix: "myapp", // Custom prefix (default: "better-auth")
    defaultCookieAttributes: {
      sameSite: "strict", // Stricter CSRF protection
      path: "/auth", // Limit cookie scope
    },
  },
});

Cross-Subdomain Cookies

typescript

advanced: {
  crossSubDomainCookies: {
    enabled: true,
    domain: ".example.com", // Note the leading dot
    additionalCookies: ["session_token", "session_data"],
  },
}

Only enable if you need authentication sharing and trust all subdomains.

OAuth / Social Provider Security

PKCE is automatic for all OAuth flows. State tokens are 32-char random strings expiring after 10 minutes.

State Parameter Storage

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  account: {
    storeStateStrategy: "cookie", // Options: "cookie" (default), "database"
  },
});

Encrypting OAuth Tokens

typescript

account: {
  encryptOAuthTokens: true, // Uses AES-256-GCM
}

Enable if storing OAuth tokens for API access on behalf of users. Use skipStateCookieCheck: true only for mobile apps that cannot maintain cookies.

IP-Based Security

IP Address Configuration

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    ipAddress: {
      ipAddressHeaders: ["x-forwarded-for", "x-real-ip"], // Headers to check
      disableIpTracking: false, // Keep enabled for rate limiting
    },
  },
});

Set ipv6Subnet (128, 64, 48, 32; default 64) to group IPv6 addresses. Enable trustedProxyHeaders: true only if behind a trusted reverse proxy.

Database Hooks for Security Auditing

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  databaseHooks: {
    session: {
      create: {
        after: async ({ data, ctx }) => {
          await auditLog("session.created", {
            userId: data.userId,
            ip: ctx?.request?.headers.get("x-forwarded-for"),
            userAgent: ctx?.request?.headers.get("user-agent"),
          });
        },
      },
      delete: {
        before: async ({ data }) => {
          await auditLog("session.revoked", { sessionId: data.id });
        },
      },
    },
    user: {
      update: {
        after: async ({ data, oldData }) => {
          if (oldData?.email !== data.email) {
            await auditLog("user.email_changed", {
              userId: data.id,
              oldEmail: oldData?.email,
              newEmail: data.email,
            });
          }
        },
      },
    },
    account: {
      create: {
        after: async ({ data }) => {
          await auditLog("account.linked", {
            userId: data.userId,
            provider: data.providerId,
          });
        },
      },
    },
  },
});

Return false from a before hook to prevent an operation.

Background Tasks

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  advanced: {
    backgroundTasks: {
      handler: (promise) => {
        // Platform-specific handler
        // Vercel: waitUntil(promise)
        // Cloudflare: ctx.waitUntil(promise)
        waitUntil(promise);
      },
    },
  },
});

Ensures operations like sending emails don't affect response timing.

Account Enumeration Prevention

Built-in: consistent response messages, dummy operations on invalid requests, background email sending. Return generic error messages ("Invalid credentials") rather than specific ones ("User not found").

Complete Security Configuration Example

typescript

import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";

export const auth = betterAuth({
  secret: process.env.BETTER_AUTH_SECRET,
  baseURL: "https://api.example.com",
  trustedOrigins: [
    "https://app.example.com",
    "https://*.preview.example.com",
  ],
  
  // Rate limiting
  rateLimit: {
    enabled: true,
    storage: "secondary-storage",
    customRules: {
      "/api/auth/sign-in/email": { window: 60, max: 5 },
      "/api/auth/sign-up/email": { window: 60, max: 3 },
    },
  },
  
  // Session security
  session: {
    expiresIn: 60 * 60 * 24 * 7, // 7 days
    updateAge: 60 * 60 * 24, // 24 hours
    freshAge: 60 * 60, // 1 hour for sensitive actions
    cookieCache: {
      enabled: true,
      maxAge: 300,
      strategy: "jwe", // Encrypted session data
    },
  },
  
  // OAuth security
  account: {
    encryptOAuthTokens: true,
    storeStateStrategy: "cookie",
  },
  
  
  // Advanced settings
  advanced: {
    useSecureCookies: true,
    cookiePrefix: "myapp",
    defaultCookieAttributes: {
      sameSite: "lax",
    },
    ipAddress: {
      ipAddressHeaders: ["x-forwarded-for"],
      ipv6Subnet: 64,
    },
    backgroundTasks: {
      handler: (promise) => waitUntil(promise),
    },
  },
  
  // Security auditing
  databaseHooks: {
    session: {
      create: {
        after: async ({ data, ctx }) => {
          console.log(`New session for user ${data.userId}`);
        },
      },
    },
    user: {
      update: {
        after: async ({ data, oldData }) => {
          if (oldData?.email !== data.email) {
            console.log(`Email changed for user ${data.id}`);
          }
        },
      },
    },
  },
});

Security Checklist

Before deploying to production:

Secret: Use a strong, unique secret (32+ characters, high entropy)
HTTPS: Ensure baseURL uses HTTPS
Trusted Origins: Configure all valid origins (frontend, mobile apps)
Rate Limiting: Keep enabled with appropriate limits
CSRF Protection: Keep enabled (disableCSRFCheck: false)
Secure Cookies: Enabled automatically with HTTPS
OAuth Tokens: Consider encryptOAuthTokens: true if storing tokens
Background Tasks: Configure for serverless platforms
Audit Logging: Implement via databaseHooks or hooks
IP Tracking: Configure headers if behind a proxy