Fine-Tuning on Azure AI Foundry
Fine-tune models using SFT (supervised), DPO (preference), or RFT (reinforcement with graders). Covers dataset prep, training, deployment, and evaluation.
When to Use
Use this sub-skill when the user asks about:
- Fine-tuning a model (SFT, DPO, or RFT)
- Preparing, validating, or formatting training data
- Submitting, monitoring, or diagnosing training jobs
- Calibrating graders or pass thresholds for RFT
- Deploying or evaluating a fine-tuned model
- Choosing between training types (SFT vs DPO vs RFT)
- Distillation, synthetic data generation, or dataset quality scoring
- Large file uploads for training data
- Cleaning up fine-tuning resources (files, deployments)
Do NOT use for: General model deployment without fine-tuning (use deploy-model), agent creation (use agents), prompt optimization without training (use prompt-optimizer).
Workflows
| Stage | Guide |
|---|
| Quick start | workflows/quickstart.md [blocked] |
| Full pipeline | workflows/full-pipeline.md [blocked] |
| Create data | workflows/dataset-creation.md [blocked] |
| Iterate | workflows/iterative-training.md [blocked] |
| Diagnose | workflows/diagnose-poor-results.md [blocked] |
References
| Topic | File |
|---|
| SFT vs DPO vs RFT | references/training-types.md [blocked] |
| Hyperparameters | references/hyperparameters.md [blocked] |
| Data formats | references/dataset-formats.md [blocked] |
| Grader design (RFT) | references/grader-design.md [blocked] |
| Reward hacking | references/reward-hacking.md [blocked] |
| Agentic RFT (tools) | references/agentic-rft.md [blocked] |
| Deployment | references/deployment.md [blocked] |
| Training curves | references/training-curves.md [blocked] |
| Evaluation | references/evaluation.md [blocked] |
| Vision fine-tuning | references/vision-fine-tuning.md [blocked] |
| Large file uploads | references/large-file-uploads.md [blocked] |
| Platform gotchas | references/platform-gotchas.md [blocked] |
Scripts
| Script | Purpose |
|---|
scripts/submit_training.py | Submit SFT/DPO/RFT jobs |
scripts/monitor_training.py | Poll job until completion |
scripts/calibrate_grader.py | Find optimal RFT pass_threshold |
scripts/check_training.py | Analyze curves, list checkpoints |
scripts/deploy_model.py | Deploy via ARM REST API |
scripts/evaluate_model.py | LLM judge evaluation |
scripts/convert_dataset.py | Convert between SFT/DPO/RFT formats |
scripts/generate_distillation_data.py | Generate synthetic training data |
scripts/score_dataset.py | Quality scoring on training data |
scripts/cleanup.py | Delete old files and deployments |
scripts/validate/ | Data validators (SFT, DPO, RFT) + stats |
Rules
- Always baseline first — evaluate the base model before fine-tuning
- Validate data before submitting — run
scripts/validate/validate_sft.py
- Calibrate RFT graders — target 25-50% failure rate on the base model
- Evaluate checkpoints — don't blindly deploy the final one
- Measure token cost alongside accuracy when comparing models
Quick Reference
| Task | Command |
|---|
| Validate SFT data | python scripts/validate/validate_sft.py data.jsonl |
| Submit SFT job | python scripts/submit_training.py --model gpt-4.1-mini --training-file train.jsonl --validation-file val.jsonl --type sft |
| Monitor job | python scripts/monitor_training.py --job-id ftjob-xxx |
| Analyze curves | python scripts/check_training.py --job-id ftjob-xxx |
| Deploy model | python scripts/deploy_model.py --model-id ft:gpt-4.1-mini:... --name my-eval |
| Evaluate model | python scripts/evaluate_model.py --deployment-name my-eval --test-file test.jsonl |
Error Handling
| Error | Cause | Fix |
|---|
| "API version not supported" | Older openai SDK on /v1/ endpoint | Upgrade to openai>=1.0 |
| "does not support fine-tuning with Standard TrainingType" | OSS model needs globalStandard | Use --use-rest flag or script auto-falls back |
| Job stuck in post-training eval | Under-provisioned tool endpoint (RFT) | Scale to S2+, enable Always On |
| "DeploymentNotReady" after ARM succeeds | ARM/data-plane race condition | Delete and recreate deployment, wait 5 min |
| Content safety block at deployment | PII-dense training data | Remove problematic document types |