Compose state deferred reads

Core principle

State reads invalidate the phase that reads them. If a State<T> is read in a composable body, changes invalidate composition. If it is read in layout or draw, changes can invalidate only layout or draw. Frame-rate state such as scroll offsets, animations, and drag positions usually belongs in layout/draw, not composition.

Back-writing is the symmetric failure mode: writing observable state from a phase that triggers invalidation of an earlier phase. Compose phases run composition → layout → draw. Writing snapshot-backed state from layout or draw to state read in composition invalidates composition; writing during composition to state read earlier in the same composition does the same. Both schedule extra work — often cascading into sibling lazy items.

The fix is structural: keep the State<T> or a provider lambda and read the value inside a layout/draw callback; capture measurements in callbacks and apply them in the measure phase, not by reading measurement state in sibling composable bodies.

When to use this skill

val x by animate*AsState(...) is passed to Modifier.offset(x = ...), Modifier.size(...), Modifier.graphicsLayer(...), or another value-form modifier.
LazyListState.firstVisibleItemScrollOffset, ScrollState.value, Animatable.value, or gesture state is read in a composable body.
A composable takes scrollOffset: Int, progress: Float, dragOffset: Offset, or similar frame-rate values.
Recomposition counters climb during scroll, animation, or gestures even when data is stable.
A composable body calls stateMap[key] = …, list.addAll(…), or similar on every recomposition (back-writing composition → composition).
One lazy item captures size with onSizeChanged / onGloballyPositioned and a sibling reads that height in composition (Modifier.height(state.dp)) — back-writing layout → composition.

0. Back-writing

Back-writing = writing observable state in one phase that triggers invalidation of an earlier (or the current) phase. Compose runs composition → layout → draw, so:

Writing snapshot state during composition that's read in the same composition.
Writing snapshot state during layout (e.g. from Modifier.layout, onSizeChanged, onGloballyPositioned) that's read during composition.
Writing snapshot state during draw that's read during composition or layout.

In all cases the writer schedules extra invalidation passes — often cascading into sibling lazy items.

Do not write to mutableStateOf, mutableStateListOf, mutableStateMapOf, or other snapshot-backed state from the composable body on every pass:

kotlin

// ❌ BAD — mutates observable map during composition; siblings recompose repeatedly
@Composable
fun MergeOverlay(parent: Map<Key, ViewState>, overlay: Map<Key, ViewState>): Map<Key, ViewState> {
    val merged = remember { mutableStateMapOf<Key, ViewState>() }
    merged.clear()
    merged.putAll(parent)
    merged.putAll(overlay)   // back-writing composition → composition
    return merged
}

// ✅ GOOD — read-only merge; no composition-time writes
@Composable
fun MergeOverlay(parent: Map<Key, ViewState>, overlay: Map<Key, ViewState>): Map<Key, ViewState> =
    remember(parent, overlay) {
        if (overlay.isEmpty()) parent else parent + overlay
    }

Prefer remember(keys) { … } for derived read-only snapshots. Reserve mutableState* writes for event callbacks (onClick) or effects — not for rebuilding derived data on every composition.

Callbacks like onSizeChanged write during layout. That is only safe if no earlier phase reads the resulting state — see cross-row measurement below.

Cross-row measurement (layout → composition back-write)

When row A measures and row B must match A's height, do not read A's captured size in B's composable body. onSizeChanged writes during layout; if B reads it in composition, layout has just back-written into composition:

kotlin

var anchorHeightPx by remember { mutableIntStateOf(0) }

// ❌ BAD — B reads measurement state in composition; insertion/focus can double-recompose B
RowA(Modifier.onSizeChanged { anchorHeightPx = it.height })
RowB(Modifier.height(with(LocalDensity.current) { anchorHeightPx.toDp() }))  // composition read

// ✅ GOOD — capture on A; apply on B in measure phase only
RowA(Modifier.onSizeChanged { if (it.height != anchorHeightPx) anchorHeightPx = it.height })
RowB(
    Modifier.decorateMeasureConstraints { incoming ->
        if (anchorHeightPx > 0) incoming.copy(minHeight = anchorHeightPx, maxHeight = anchorHeightPx)
        else incoming
    },
)

decorateMeasureConstraints is a small layout helper (see compose-modifier-and-layout-style). While height is unknown, siblings use a fixed fallback in composition; once known, only layout invalidates — not an extra composition cascade.

1. Prefer block-form modifiers

Several modifiers have value forms and block forms. The value form receives values already read in composition; the block form can read during layout or draw.

kotlin

// Before: animated value read in composition by the `by` delegate
@Composable
fun SelectionPill(selectedIndex: Int) {
    val offsetX by animateDpAsState(120.dp * selectedIndex)
    Box(Modifier.offset(x = offsetX))
}

// After: State is kept, value is read in the layout-phase offset block
@Composable
fun SelectionPill(selectedIndex: Int) {
    val offsetX = animateDpAsState(120.dp * selectedIndex)
    Box(
        Modifier.offset {
            IntOffset(offsetX.value.roundToPx(), 0)
        },
    )
}

Common replacements:

Composition read	Deferred read
`Modifier.offset(x = animatedX)`	`Modifier.offset { IntOffset(animatedX.value.roundToPx(), 0) }`
`Modifier.graphicsLayer(translationY = y)`	`Modifier.graphicsLayer { translationY = yProvider() }`
`val radius by animateFloatAsState(...); drawBehind { drawCircle(radius = radius) }`	`val radius = animateFloatAsState(...); drawBehind { drawCircle(radius = radius.value) }`

The drawBehind block is already draw-phase; the important part is that the State.value read also happens inside that block.

2. Pass providers across composable boundaries

If the fast-changing value would cross a composable boundary, pass a provider lambda instead of a snapshot value:

kotlin

// Before: HomeScreen reads scroll offset in composition and passes the value down
@Composable
fun HomeScreen() {
    val listState = rememberLazyListState()
    LazyColumn(state = listState) {
        item { HeroImage(scrollOffset = listState.firstVisibleItemScrollOffset) }
    }
}

@Composable
fun HeroImage(scrollOffset: Int, modifier: Modifier = Modifier) {
    AsyncImage(
        model = "...",
        modifier = modifier.graphicsLayer(translationY = -scrollOffset / 2f),
    )
}

// After: the only read happens inside graphicsLayer
@Composable
fun HomeScreen() {
    val listState = rememberLazyListState()
    LazyColumn(state = listState) {
        item {
            HeroImage(
                scrollOffsetProvider = {
                    if (listState.firstVisibleItemIndex == 0) {
                        listState.firstVisibleItemScrollOffset
                    } else {
                        0
                    }
                },
            )
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun HeroImage(scrollOffsetProvider: () -> Int, modifier: Modifier = Modifier) {
    AsyncImage(
        model = "...",
        modifier = modifier.graphicsLayer {
            translationY = -scrollOffsetProvider() / 2f
        },
    )
}

Suffix provider parameters with Provider when that clarifies the deferred-read contract.

3. Other layout/draw read sites

State reads can also be deferred inside:

Modifier.layout { measurable, constraints -> ... }
Custom Alignment.align(...)
drawWithContent, drawBehind, and other draw modifiers
Block-form layer/layout modifiers such as graphicsLayer { ... } and offset { ... }

Use these when the state changes where something is placed or painted. If the state decides which composables exist, it belongs in composition.

Quick reference

Symptom	Diagnosis	Fix
`val x by animateFloatAsState(...)` then `Modifier.offset(...)`	`by` reads in composition	Keep `State<Float>` and read `.value` in `offset {}`
`Modifier.graphicsLayer(translationY = animatedY)`	Property-argument form uses composition values	Use `graphicsLayer { translationY = ... }`
`Child(scrollOffset = listState.firstVisibleItemScrollOffset)`	Fast-changing value crosses boundary	`Child(scrollOffsetProvider = { ... })`
Draw block still recomposes every frame	Value was read before draw block	Move the `State.value` read inside the draw block
State chooses between different UI branches	Composition decision	Keep the read in composition
`mergedMap.putAll(overlay)` in composable body	Back-writing composition → composition	`remember(parent, overlay) { parent + overlay }`
Sibling `Modifier.height(measuredPx.toDp())`	Back-writing layout → composition	Measure-phase constraint decoration
Identity cache for read-only merge	Stale overlay risk	`remember(keys)` on immutable result

When NOT to apply

The state controls which composables are emitted.
The animation is one-shot, cheap, and clarity wins.
You are writing tests where direct value assertions are simpler.
Runtime evidence shows recomposition is not the bottleneck.

compose-state-authoring — when mutableState* belongs in composition vs callbacks.
compose-state-holder-ui-split — where state-holder vs plain UI split applies when passing providers/lambdas across boundaries.
compose-stability-diagnostics — parameter stability and compiler reports.
compose-modifier-and-layout-style — measure-phase constraint decoration helper.

Compose state deferred reads

Core principle

When to use this skill

0. Back-writing

Cross-row measurement (layout → composition back-write)

1. Prefer block-form modifiers

2. Pass providers across composable boundaries

3. Other layout/draw read sites

Quick reference

When NOT to apply

Related

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